The International Opium Convention basically addresses all known drugs and the world at large. (Caballero, 2000). it likewise internationalizes the monitoring of coca production and trade when including cocaine and its salts Baldomero CceresSpanish Th Hague, January 23, 1912.Throughout history the power in place has systematically tried to manipulate coca to its own advantage.From the times of colonization on to the arrival of Prohibition, Coca has been coveted, looted and manipulated to serve the purpose of the conquering powers.In more recent times, the narcotics traffickers, empowered thanks to the Drug War, have waged the war on coca to divert counternarcotics measures towards attacking peasant coca growers.
We are now at a turning point in history where mass erradication, equal to coca extinction, is seen as the only way out in a refusal to recognize the fragile ecological balance that also depends on organic cocas survival and the fact that cocaine use is nowhere near to disappearing. We will see the dawning of even more difficult times: times of war and derision when all voices that arise shall be silenced. Samper goes on to point out our benefactor and divine providences intervention that has given us the possibility of planting it to our benefit since our subcontinent has this privilege as indicated by the failures at attempts to acclimatize coca in Italy, Algeria (a French colony at the time) and in the West Indies. As suggested by his friend Sigmund Freud, descriptions of the properties of the coca prompted the Austrian Koller to perform in 1884 the first clinical operation under local anesthesia, by administration of cocaine on the eye. Autocad 2011 full version with crack 32 bitThe use of cocaine for local and regional anesthesia rapidly spread throughout Europe and America. The toxic effects of cocaine were soon identified resulting in many deaths among both patients and addicted medical staff. Local anesthesia was in a profound crisis until the development of modern organic chemistry which led to the synthesis of pure cocaine in 1891. New amino ester local anesthetics were synthesized between 1891 and 1930, such as tropocaine, eucaine, holocaine, orthoform, benzocaine, and tetracaine. In addition, amino amide local anesthetics were prepared between 1898 and 1972 including nirvaquine, procaine, chloroprocaine, cinchocaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, efocaine, bupivacaine, etidocaine, and articaine. All of these drugs were ostensibly less toxic than cocaine, but they had differing amounts of central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular (CV) toxicity United States Patent Office: Patent No. For several years past readily-volatilizable liquids, such as ethyl chloride, have been employed to produce local anesthesia by applying them in a fine jet or spray to the part af- I 5 fected or to be treated. Anesthesia is produced by the generation of cold due to the rapid evaporation of the liquid, but the effect lasts for only a very short time.. I have discovered by repeated experiment that the duration of the effect can be considerably lengthened by dissolving suitable slowly-acting substances, such as cocaine, in a readily-volatilizable liquid, such as ethyl chloride, the boiling-point of which is at a temperature below the ordinary temperature of the hand, and applying the combined medicaments to the part required. My invention therefore consists, primarily, of preparations for producing local anaesthesia, such preparations consisting of suitable slowly-acting substances dissolved in suitable readily-volatilizable liquids, the boiling point of which is at a temperature below the ordinary temperature of the hand.. Gustave Pertsch, Lyons, France, Assignor to.Societe Ohi- Mique Des Usines Du Rhone, Anciennement Gilliard, P. Monnet. Cartier July 11, 1899 Golden W. Mortimer: History of coca, the divine plant of the Incas The Spanish idea of conquest was to establish a complete mastery over the Peruvians; the Indians were to be regarded as slaves to be bought, sold, and used as such. In view of these facts it is not difficult to understand that as Coca was constantly employed among, the natives, its use was early questioned and condemned as a possible luxury, for it was not considered a matter worthy of inquiry as to any real benefit in a substance employed by slaves. So superficial were the observations made by some of the early writers that the fact of this neglect is most apparent. Even so experienced an observer as Humboldt, in his writings of many years later, did not recognize the true quality of Coca, but confounds the sustaining properties of the leaf as due to the alkaline ashes the Uipta which is chewed with it. He refers to the use of this lime as though it belonged to the custom of the clay eaters of other regions, and suggests that any support to be derived from it must necessarily be purely imaginary. In Julia Buxton: T he Historical Foundations of the Narcotic Drug Control Regime, Policy Research Paper prepared for the World Bank, March 2008. Playful kiss eng sub torrent downloadThis Commission brings together 13 countries and is the first legal drug text to have international outreach even if not judicially binding. ![]() The United States imposes its point of view regarding the universal nature of the issue. The International Opium Convention basically addresses all known drugs and the world at large. Caballero, 2000). Baldomero CceresSpanish Th Hague, January 23, 1912.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorJill ArchivesCategories |